507 A massa fermentada
507 A massa fermentada
Para salvar o arquivo mp3 clique com o bot�o direito do mouse sobre o t�tulo da postagem e salve o arquivo. Os v�deos podem ser encontrados em www.3minutos.net Acompanhe no iTunes.
Wednesday, May 31, 2017
A confusion Knowledge Discovery or Data Mining
Although there have been many practical methods developed and used in data mining, the distinction between data mining and knowledge discovery concepts are not clear yet.
The most critical starting point to extinguish this confusion is to summarize the basic concepts about data mining and knowledge discovery.
--Knowledge discovery is a non-trivial process for identifying valid, new, potentially useful and ultimately understandable patterns in data which consists of nine steps while data mining is the 7 th of those steps.
The above-mentioned 9 steps are as follows;
1. Development and understanding of the application domain
2. Creating a target data set: select the data set, or focusing on a set of variables or data samples on which the discovery was made.3. Data cleaning and preprocessing. transforming raw data into an understandable format. Real-world data is often incomplete, inconsistent, and/or lacking in certain behaviors or trends, and is likely to contain many errors.
4. Data reduction and projection: finding useful features to represent the data depending on the purpose of the task. Through dimensionality reduction methods or conversion, the effective number of variables under consideration may be reduced, or invariant representations for the data can be found.
5. Matching process objectives: KDD with a method of mining particular. For example, summarization, classification, regression, clustering and others.
6. Modeling and exploratory analysis and hypothesis selection: choosing the algorithms or data mining, and select the method or methods to be used in the search for patterns of data. This process includes deciding which model and parameters may be appropriate
7. Data Mining: the search for patterns of interest in a particular representational form or a set of these representations, including classification rules or trees, regression and clustering. The user can significantly aid the data mining method to properly carry out the preceding steps.
8. Interpreting mined patterns, possibly returning to some of the steps between step 1 and 7 for additional iterations. This step may also involve the visualization of the extracted patterns and models or visualization of the data given the models drawn.
9. Acting on the discovered knowledge: using the knowledge directly, incorporating the knowledge in another system for further action, or simply documented and reported to stakeholders.
http://books.google.com/books?id=alHIsT6LBl0C&pg=PA1161&lpg=PA1161&dq=what+is+the+difference+between+data+mining+and+knowledge+discovery&source=bl&ots=pqHBwbAOjv&sig=RkfNlkC8sqoJDfjoFOo-SfdG_kE&hl=en&sa=X&ei=EDRiUZvdBoi88AT05oH4CQ&ved=0CGAQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=what%20is%20the%20difference%20between%20data%20mining%20and%20knowledge%20discovery&f=false
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1547224
http://smartdatacollective.com/josueoteiza/38043/difference-between-knowledge-discovery-and-data-mining
5 Cara Simpel Memotret Makanan yang Instagramable
Budaya tidak hanya sekedar makan kian menjamur di era digital. Terutama dengan hadirnya ponsel, kemudahan dalam mengabadikan gambar semakin merambah ke semua kalangan. Makan tidak lagi hanya sekedar makan. "Makan juga harus cantik" kata sebagian food lover. Berbagai media review makanan selalu menghadirkan foto-foto indah akan makanan yang terlihat cantik. Tidak mau kalah, semua orang berlomba-lomba melakukan foto yang instagramable pada makanan. Bukan hanya makanan yang jadi penentu, namun lokasi juga merupakan faktor yang amat krusial. Karena makanan yang dihias cantik beserta interior yang mendukung hanya terdapat di tempat-tempat yang sesuai. Berikut ada beberapa cara simpel yang bisa dilakukan untuk mendapatkan foto cantik pada makanan yang instagramable.
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| Sapo Tahu dipotret pada siang hari sekitar jam 2 pada lokasi semi-outdoor |
Pencahayaan terbaik yang bisa didapatkan umumnya berasal dari cahaya alami. Kalau kamu niat banget, kamu mungkin akan bawa flash atau strobe untuk memotret makananmu. Tapi apa iya ke restaurant pakai flash begitu? Simpel saja sih. Itu sebabnya banyak sekali restaurant kekinian yang digeluti anak muda bertemakan semi-outdoor. Biasanya mereka memiliki interior dengan jendela-jendela besar agar cahaya dapat masuk, atau memiliki atap yang transparan dari kaca seperti berikut,
Sehingga penting banget buat kamu yang ingin memotret makanan dengan cantik dan cocok untuk instagram, agar memilih tempat-tempat seperti itu. Spot yang kamu pilih juga sebaiknya berada di dekat jendela atau sumber cahaya. Datanglah pagi jam 10 atau jam 2 sore, karena itu adalah waktu yang baik saat matahari berada sekitar 45 derajat.
Tata Makanan dengan Cantik
Sepele tapi pengaruhnya besar. Merubah tatanan mampu meningkatkan nilai "instagramable" foto makanan kamu. Biasanya foto dilakukan sebelum kamu mulai makan. Jadi segeralah tata makanan kamu jika posisinya kurang pas. Misalnya pada makanan Fish and Chips, tatanan batang kentang yang berantakan akan berbeda hasilnya dengan yang rapih. Sebuah pelengkap seperti daun mint yang diletakkan diatas selai Fish Fillet akan membuat mood makanan kamu lebih classy.
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| Eskrim kfc di meja taman outdoor sebuah mall pada siang hari sekitar jam 10 |
Pemilihan Alas Makanan
Lagi-lagi hal yang sepele tapi pengaruhnya bombastis. Simpel banget deh, tapi ini bisa merubah tampilan foto makanan kamu. Alas makanan atau biasanya meja tempat kamu menaruh makanan dapat memberi efek yang signifikan pada hasil foto. Kecenderungan saat ini adalah trend alas makanan bergaya serat kayu. Biasanya cafe-cafe masa kini telah menggunakan kayu sebagai alas untuk makanan.
Tidak seperti restaurant cepat saji yang kebanyakan menggunakan alas HPL polos. Namun background polos juga bisa jadi menarik lho, tergantung dari subjek fotonya. Background polos cukup bagus kok kalau dipadukan dengan makanan yang colorful. Selain itu kamu juga bisa menambahkan tissue atau sapu tangan dibawah piring kamu untuk menambah kesan estetis. Seperti berada direstauran mahal ya hahaha.
Aksesoris Pendukung
Dalam memotret makanan, tentu akan membosankan jika dalam satu frame hanya terdapat piring yang berisi makanan saja. Biasanya akan dilengkapi dengan sepasang sendok dan garpu, entah diletakkan di piring tersebut atau di meja. Bisa juga dengan menambah minuman, pot bunga ataupun gadget yang kekinian. Tak jarang orang menaruh kamera atau ponselnya disebelah piring, meskipun tidak ada kaitannya dengan makanan. katanya sih lifestyle, hmm.
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| foto semi-outdoor sekitar jam 1 siang |
Sudut Pengambilan Gambar
Salah satu sudut pengambilan gambar yang cukup populer adalah dengan gaya flat-lay, yakni melakukan foto dari atas, persis tegak lurus makanan. Cara ini cukup efektif untuk menampilkan banyak makanan atau aksesoris pada sebuah bidang. Sehingga akan muncul banyak elemen pendukung dari makanan yang muncul pada frame foto. Biasanya teknik ini cukup tepat digunakan jika wadah makanan yang digunakan lebih tinggi dari makanan itu, seperti mangkok besar yang akan menutupi makanan jika difoto dari mata normal.
Kemudian perhatikan juga lingkungan sekitar. Jika lingkungan sekitar kurang bagus, bisa dilakukan metode flat-lay. Namun rasanya buat temen-temen yang malu foto sambil berdiri buat flat-lay, harus cari cara untuk foto dari sudut normal ya hehe. Puter-puter aja piringnya! tapi jangan kelamaan, nanti makanannya keburu anyep.
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| Ketika mau foto tapi lampu persis ada diatas kepalamu, shadow kacamatanya, gak nahan! |
A New Beginning Final Cut PC
Descri��o:
A New Beginning Final Cut � uma aventura cinematogr�fica thriller feito graphic novel estilo. Nesta aventura encantadora e inteligente, a terra est� � beira do cataclismo clima iminente. � essencial para viajar o mundo a fim de poupar a humanidade e salvar o todo a partir deste destino terr�vel.
Bioengenheiro Bent Svensson teve que renunciar de pesquisar formas alternativas de gera��o de energia. Agora o workaholic ex vive uma vida isolada nas florestas remotas da Noruega. Sua aposentadoria precoce pac�fica � invadida por Fay, uma jovem mulher que diz ser um viajante do tempo do futuro. Ela tenta convenc�-lo de que ela est� aqui para evitar o cataclismo clima de acontecer e de acordo com ela, a pesquisa Bent � a �ltima esperan�a para conseguir isso. No entanto, seus resultados est�o � beira de cair nas m�os de um magnata de energia imprudente que se preocupa com nada al�m de seu pr�prio lucro. Juntos, Bent e Fay agora tem que colocar um fim � cat�strofe iminente global.
Bioengenheiro Bent Svensson teve que renunciar de pesquisar formas alternativas de gera��o de energia. Agora o workaholic ex vive uma vida isolada nas florestas remotas da Noruega. Sua aposentadoria precoce pac�fica � invadida por Fay, uma jovem mulher que diz ser um viajante do tempo do futuro. Ela tenta convenc�-lo de que ela est� aqui para evitar o cataclismo clima de acontecer e de acordo com ela, a pesquisa Bent � a �ltima esperan�a para conseguir isso. No entanto, seus resultados est�o � beira de cair nas m�os de um magnata de energia imprudente que se preocupa com nada al�m de seu pr�prio lucro. Juntos, Bent e Fay agora tem que colocar um fim � cat�strofe iminente global.
Requisitos m�nimos:
Sistema Operacional: Windows XP/Vista/7
Processador: Intel Pentium 4 @ 2.0 GHz / AMD Athlon XP 2000+
RAM: 1.5 Gb
Espa�o em Disco: 3.5 Gb free
RAM de v�deo: 256 Mb
Placa Gr�fica: nVidia GeForce 6600 / ATI Radeon X1300
Placa de Som: DirectX Compatible
Rede:
Direct X: 9.0c
Processador: Intel Pentium 4 @ 2.0 GHz / AMD Athlon XP 2000+
RAM: 1.5 Gb
Espa�o em Disco: 3.5 Gb free
RAM de v�deo: 256 Mb
Placa Gr�fica: nVidia GeForce 6600 / ATI Radeon X1300
Placa de Som: DirectX Compatible
Rede:
Direct X: 9.0c
Informa��es do Jogo:
Plataforma: PC
Titulo: A New Beginning Final Cut
G�nero: Aventura, Indie
Lan�ado em: 2012
Tamanho: 2.35 GB
Download: Torrent
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5 Anime Fall 2015 Terbaik
5 Anime Fall 2015 Terbaik
Yo guys, balik lagi sama ane, udah lama gak ngeblog karena Laptop sempet rusak + Internet kuota habis + Males... ya... Males...
Ok, saya akan memberikan List Anime terbaik berdasarkan Pendapat saya + Myanimelist + Anime Trending + dan sedikit tambahan dari ANN (AnimeNewsNetwork). Kalian boleh kok untuk tidak mengikuti List ini karena list ini hanya hasil pendapat + vote semata tapi kalian bisa menjadikan list ini sebagai "patokan".
Ok dimulai dari MAL dulu.
Top Anime Fall 2015 MyAnimeList (MAL):
#1 One Punch Man
Rating: 9.06
#2 Haikyuu!! Second Season
Rating: 8.88
#3 Noragami: Aragoto (Second Season of Noragami)
Rating: 8.60
#4 Owarimonogatari (Monogatari series)
Rating: 8.52
#5 Yuru Yuri-san Hai (Season 3)
Rating: 8.06
Top Anime Fall 2015 Anime Trending (AT): (Entar Gw Update)
Top Anime Fall 2015 AnimeNewsNetwork (ANN):
#1 One Punch Man
#2 Noragami Aragoto
#3 Haikyuu second season
#4 Owarimonogatari
#5 Mobile Suit Gundam: Iron-Blooded Orphans
Top Anime Fall 2015 Self Opinion:
#1 Owarimonogatari
Pendapat: Anime ini memiliki cerita yang cukup kompleks, ditambah dengan Character Developmet yang sangat baik (Baik Main Chara maupun tidak). Hal ini menjadi lebih baik dengan Misteri misteri yang ada apalagi bisa menambahkan unsur Romance didalam nya yang membuat Anime ini menjadi sangat Epic. Sangat disarankan untuk menonton Anime ini setelah menonton Anime Monogatari yang lain.
#2 Noragami Aragoto
Diawali dengan Arc Bishamon yang sudah serius sejak awal membuat Anime ini sudah merasakan keseruan nya sejak Episode pertama, Character Development yang luar biasa bagus membuat Anime ini jadi lebih baik daripada Season yang sebelum nya. Memiliki filler yang cukup sedikit (Sekitar 2 Episode) yang berguna sebagai Bridge (Penghubung antar Arc) sangat effisien dan berguna. Cerita menjadi semakin bagus dengan adanya Misteri beserta Humor yang ada.
#3 One Punch Man
Anime baru yang sangat populer belakangan ini, Anime ini memiliki tema cerita yang luar biasa, cerita yang dibuat pun lumayan bagus dan kekurang dari cerita dapat ditutupi dengan adanya Komedi sekaligus Pertarungan yang luar biasa. Anime ini cukup bagus.
#4 Haikyuu
Season kedua ini dimulai dengan cerita yang seru, sama halnya dengan Noragami. Keseruan cerita ini sayangnya berakhir di sekitar episode 6 dikarenakan adanya filler, namun filler tersebut tetap seru dikarenakan Komedi/Humor yang ada benar benar lucu.
#5 Mobile Suit Gundam: Iron-Blooded Orphans
Anime ini menunjukkan betapa bagus nya Anime Gundam walaupun di era yang sudah berbeda. Dengan story yang serius serta Main Character yang keras, Anime ini memang Deserved di Posisi 5.
Honorable Mention: K: Return of Kings
Tuesday, May 30, 2017
5 Top Gamers Kaya Karena Bermain Game
Banyak orang menganggap bahwa bermain game dapat merusak hidup dan kesehatan kita, Namun orang hanya melihat dari segi negatifnya saja. Game juga bisa menjadikan kita kaya dan mendapatkan kedudukan tinggi karena game tidak sepenuhnya merusak dan tidak juga sepenuhnya membangun. Karena semuanya tergantung dari cara kita menanggapinya.Berikut adalah gamers kaya karena bermain game
1.Lee "Jaedong" Jae Dong - US$ 504.486
Pada usia remajanya, Lee "Jaedong" Jae Dong adalah seorang raja dalam dunia game. Dia telah berhasil mendapatkan penghasilan lebih dari setengah juta dolar dalam 47 turnamen yang dia ikuti. Jaedong adalah seorang Zerg player dalam game Starcraft: Brood War dan dianggap sebagai Zerg player terbesar dalam sejarah game profesional.
2.Johnathan "Falat1ty" Wendel - US$ 454.544
Johnathan "Falat1ty" Wendel adalah salah satu gamers yang bisa dibilang sangat legendaris. Selama beberapa tahun terakhir dia juga selalu mendapatkan predikat gamer paling produktif. Dia telah bermain turnamen game lebih dari 35 kali. Pada tahun 2005 saja, ia telah mengikuti 10 turnamen dan berhasil mengantongi uang lebih dari US$ 230.000. Bukan hanya itu, Johnathan juga merupakan seorang pengusaha sukses. Dia memanfaatkan statusnya sebagai salah satu gamer profesional terkemuka di dunia untuk menjalankan usahanya. Fatal1ty juga mendapatkan sponsor utama dari beberapa perusahaan hardware komputer ternama dan menjual peralatan gamenya sendiri.
3.Lee "Flash" Young Ho � US$ 446.371
Lee "Flash" Young Ho merupakan seorang Terran player di dalam game StarCraft: Brood War. Pada usianya yang ke 21, dia masuk ke dalam top earner termuda. Sama seperti gamer yang lain, karirnya dalam dunia game pun sangat melesat dengan cepat. Dia berhasil mengumpulkan rekor kemenangan dalam bermain game pada Proleague MSL (MBCGame StarCraft League) dan juga OSL (Ongamenet StarLeague).Bukan hany itu, dia pun mendapatkan predikat programmer termuda yang pernah memenangkan gelar di StarLeague pada usianya yang ke 15 tahun saat itu.
4.Danylo "Dendi" Ishutin � US$ 438.142
Danylo "Dendi" Ishutin adalah seorang gamers profesional yang telah bermain dalam 38 turnamen game. Dia memulai karir profesionalnya dengan memainkan game Defence of the Ancients pada tahun 2008. Akan tetapi tidak lama kemudian Dendi disewa oleh tim gaming Profesional Natus Vincere pada tahun 2011. Setelah mengikuti turnament Dota 2 dengan hadiah jutaan dolar, dia pun menjadi seorang sosok pemain yang kaya dan sangat terkenal dalam game Dota.
5.Oleksandr "XBOCT" Dashkevych � US$ 435.838
Oleksandr Dashkevych atau yang sering lebih dikenal XBOCT adalah seorang gamer profesional yang telah mengikuti lebih dari 36 turnamen. XBOTC merupakan pemain profesional game DotA 2 yang dikenal dengan bakatnya sebagai Carry. Easports juga melaporkan bahwa ia mampu mempertahankan skill bermainnya yang sangat cepat dan stabil. Gamer profesional ini pun dikenal sebagai orang yang memiliki peranan penting dalam membantu timnya untuk memenangkan beberapa turnamen berkelas.
Itu dia informasi yang dapat saya bagikan tentang 5 Top Gamers Kaya Karena Bermain Game
jadi mulailah menggunakan game secara bijak dan positif tentunya, karena segala hal yang ada di dunia ini pada dasarnya adalah baik ^_^
A Complete Guide on SEO Search Engine Optimizer Tips Tricks Padsa Information
Search Engine Optimization (SEO) is the activity of optimizing web pages or whole sites in order to make them search engine friendly, thus getting higher positions in search results.
This tutorial explains simple SEO techniques to improve the visibility of your web pages for different search engines, especially for Google, Yahoo, and Bing.
Audience
This tutorial has been prepared for beginners to help them understand the simple but effective SEO characteristics.
Prerequisites
We assume you are aware of simple web technologies such as HTML, XHTML, Style Sheet, etc. If you already have developed any website, then it is an added advantage and it will help you understand the concepts of SEO explained in this tutorial.
What is SEO
SEO stands for Search Engine Optimization. SEO is all about optimizing a website for search engines. SEO is a technique for:
designing and developing a website to rank well in search engine results.
improving the volume and quality of traffic to a website from search engines.
marketing by understanding how search algorithms work, and what human visitors might search.
SEO is a subset of search engine marketing. SEO is also referred as SEO copyrighting, because most of the techniques that are used to promote sites in search engines, deal with text.
If you plan to do some basic SEO, it is essential that you understand how search engines work.
How Search Engine Works?
Search engines perform several activities in order to deliver search results.
Crawling - Process of fetching all the web pages linked to a website. This task is performed by a software, called a crawler or a spider (or Googlebot, in case of Google).
Indexing - Process of creating index for all the fetched web pages and keeping them into a giant database from where it can later be retrieved. Essentially, the process of indexing is identifying the words and expressions that best describe the page and assigning the page to particular keywords.
Processing - When a search request comes, the search engine processes it, i.e. it compares the search string in the search request with the indexed pages in the database.
Calculating Relevancy - It is likely that more than one page contains the search string, so the search engine starts calculating the relevancy of each of the pages in its index to the search string.
Retrieving Results - The last step in search engine activities is retrieving the best matched results. Basically, it is nothing more than simply displaying them in the browser.
Search engines such as Google and Yahoo! often update their relevancy algorithm dozens of times per month. When you see changes in your rankings it is due to an algorithmic shift or something else outside of your control.
Although the basic principle of operation of all search engines is the same, the minor differences between their relevancy algorithms lead to major changes in results relevancy.
What is SEO Copywriting?
SEO Copywriting is the technique of writing viewable text on a web page in such a way that it reads well for the surfer, and also targets specific search terms. Its purpose is to rank highly in the search engines for the targeted search terms.
Along with viewable text, SEO copywriting usually optimizes other on-page elements for the targeted search terms. These include the Title, Description, Keywords tags, headings, and alternative text.
The idea behind SEO copywriting is that search engines want genuine content pages and not additional pages often called "doorway pages" that are created for the sole purpose of achieving high rankings.
What is Search Engine Rank?
When you search any keyword using a search engine, it displays thousands of results found in its database. A page ranking is measured by the position of web pages displayed in the search engine results. If a search engine is putting your web page on the first position, then your web page rank will be number 1 and it will be assumed as the page with the highest rank.
SEO is the process of designing and developing a website to attain a high rank in search engine results.
What is On-Page and Off-page SEO?
Conceptually, there are two ways of optimization:
On-Page SEO - It includes providing good content, good keywords selection, putting keywords on correct places, giving appropriate title to every page, etc.
Off-Page SEO - It includes link building, increasing link popularity by submitting open directories, search engines, link exchange, etc.
Tactics & Methods
SEO techniques are classified into two broad categories:
White Hat SEO - Techniques that search engines recommend as part of a good design.
Black Hat SEO - Techniques that search engines do not approve and attempt to minimize the effect of. These techniques are also known as spamdexing.
White Hat SEO
An SEO tactic is considered as White Hat if it has the following features:
It conforms to the search engines guidelines.
It does not involve in any deception.
It ensures that the content a search engine indexes, and subsequently ranks, is the same content a user will see.
It ensures that a web page content should have been created for the users and not just for the search engines.
It ensures good quality of the web pages.
It ensures availability of useful content on the web pages.
Always follow a White Hat SEO tactic and do not try to fool your site visitors. Be honest and you will definitely get something more.
Black Hat or Spamdexing
An SEO tactic, is considered as Black Hat or Spamdexing if it has the following features:
Attempting ranking improvements that are disapproved by the search engines and/or involve deception.
Redirecting users from a page that is built for search engines to one that is more human friendly.
Redirecting users to a page that was different from the page the search engine ranked.
Serving one version of a page to search engine spiders/bots and another version to human visitors. This is called Cloaking SEO tactic.
Using hidden or invisible text or with the page background color, using a tiny font size or hiding them within the HTML code such as "no frame" sections.
Repeating keywords in the metatags, and using keywords that are unrelated to the website content. This is called metatag stuffing.
Calculated placement of keywords within a page to raise the keyword count, variety, and density of the page. This is called keyword stuffing.
Creating low-quality web pages that contain very little content but are instead stuffed with very similar keywords and phrases. These pages are called Doorway or Gateway Pages.
Mirror websites by hosting multiple websites - all with conceptually similar content but using different URLs.
Creating a rogue copy of a popular website which shows contents similar to the original to a web crawler, but redirects web surfers to unrelated or malicious websites. This is called page hijacking.
Always stay away from any of the above Black Hat tactics to improve the rank of your site. Search engines are smart enough to identify all the above properties of your site and ultimately you are not going to get anything.
Web Site Domain
When you start thinking of doing a business through internet, the first thing that you think about is your website domain name. Before you choose a domain name, you should consider the following:
Who would be your target audience?
What you intend to sell to them. Is it a tangible item or just text content?
What will make your business idea unique or different from everything else that is already avilable in the market?
Many people think it is important to have keywords in a domain. Keywords in the domain name are usually important, but it usually can be done while keeping the domain name short, memorable, and free of hyphens.
Using keywords in your domain name gives you a strong competitive advantage over your competitors. Having your keywords in your domain name can increase click-through-rates on search engine listings and paid ads as well as make it easier to use your keywords in get keyword rich descriptive inbound links.
Avoid buying long and confusing domain names. Many people separate the words in their domain names using either dashes or hyphens. In the past, the domain name itself was a significant ranking factor but now search engines have advanced features and it is not a very significant factor anymore.
Keep two to three words in your domain name that will be easy to memorize. Some of the most notable websites do a great job of branding by creating their own word. Few examples are eBay, Yahoo!, Expedia, Slashdot, Fark, Wikipedia, Google, etc.
You should be able to say it over the telephone once, and the other person should know how to spell it, and they should be able to guess what you sell.
Guru Mantra
Finally, you should be able to answer the following questions:
Why do you want to build your website?
Why should people buy off your site and not from other site?
What makes you different from others?
Who are your target audience and what do you intend to sell?
List 5 to 10 websites that you think are amazing. Now think why they are amazing.
Create 5 different domain names. Make at least 1 of them funny. Tell them to half a dozen people and see which ones are the most memorable. You will get more honest feedback if the people do not know you well.
Buy your domain name that is catchy, memorable, and relevant to your business.
Relevant Filenames
One of the simplest methods to improve your search engine optimization is to look at the way you name your files. Before writing this tutorial, we did a lot of research on file-names and found that search engines like Google give too much importance to file names. You should think what you want put in your web page and then give a relevant file name to this page.
Just try giving any keyword in Google search engine and you will find file names highlighted with the keyword you have given. It proves that your file name should have appropriate keywords.
File Naming Style
The filename should preferably be short and descriptive.
It is always good to use same keywords in a filename as well as in page title.
Do not use filenames such as service.htm or job.htm as they are generic. Use actual service name in your file name such as computer-repairing.htm.
Do not use more than 3-4 words in file names.
Separate the keywords with hyphens rather than underscores.
Try to use 2 keywords if possible.
File Name Example
Listed below are some filenames which would be ideal from the users point of view as well as SEO.
slazenger-brand-balls.html
wimbledon-brand-balls.html
wilson-brand-balls.html
Notice that the keywords are separated by hyphens rather than underscores. Google sees good filenames as follows:
seo-relevant-filename as seo relevant filename(good)
Filenames with underscores are not a good option.
seo_relevant_filename as seorelevantfilename (not good)
File Extension
You should notice that .html, .htm, .php and any other extension do NOTHING for your visitors, and they are simply a means of offloading some of the work of configuring your webserver properly onto your visitors. In effect, you are asking your site visitors to tell your webserver HOW to produce the page, not which one?
Many Web masters think that it is a good idea to use filename without using extension. It may help you, but not a whole lot.
URL Sub-Directory Name
From Search Engine Optimization point of view, URL sub-directory name hardly matters. You can try giving any keyword in any search, and you will not find any sub-directory name matching with your keywords. But from the users point of view, you should keep an abbreviated sub-directory name.
Guru Mantra
Keep the following points in mind before naming your files:
Keep the web page filename short, simple, descriptive, and relevant to the page content.
Try to use a maximum of 3-4 keywords in your filename, and these keywords should appear on your web page title as well.
Separate all keywords with hyphen rather than with underscore.
Keep your sub-directories name as short as possible.
Restrict the file size to less than 101K because Google chops almost everything above that.
Design & Layout
The website design and layout gives the first impression about your site. There are sites which are too fancy and regular net surfers just reach those sites and come out even without creating a single click.
Search engines are very smart but after all, they are software and not human being, who can read the content of their interest. If you make your site too complicated, then the search engine would not be able to parse the content of your site properly, and finally indexing would not be efficient, which results in a low rank.
The actual page content should have a keyword density of about 10% and should weigh in at about 200 words - but there are as many opinions about this as there are SEO experts. Some say, keyword density should be 5% and some say it should be 20%. You can go with 10% which is good enough.
Here are a few guidelines that you should keep in mind while designing a web page.
You should have more text content than HTML elements.
No frames. They are the enemies of search engines, and search engines are enemies of frames.
No ads if possible. Because most of the ads use Java-Script which is not advised to be used.
No JavaScript. If you need JavaScript, call it from an external file rather than dumping the code in the HTML file. JavaScript drop-down menus prevent spiders from crawling beyond your homepage. If you use them, be sure to include text links at the bottom of the page.
Do not put anything in the page topic that does not fit perfectly.
No unnecessary directories. Keep your files as close to the root as possible.
No fancy stuff (Flash, Splash, Animated Gifs, Rollovers, etc.) unless absolutely necessary.
Optimized Keywords
A keyword is a term that is used to match with the query a person enters into a search engine to find specific information. Most people enter search phrases that consist of two to five words. Such phrases may be called search phrases, keyword phrases, query phrases, or just keywords. Good keyword phrases are specific and descriptive.
The following concepts related to keywords, help in optimizing the keywords on a web page.
Keyword Frequency
This is calculated as how often does a keyword appear in a website title or description. You do not want to go overboard with frequency, however, since on some engines if you repeat a word too many times, you are be penalized for "spamming" or keyword stuffing.
In general though, repeat your keyword in the document as many times as you can get away with, and up to 3-7 times in your list of metatags.
Keyword Weight
It refers to the number of keywords appearing on your web page compared to the total number of words appearing on that same page. Some search engines consider this while determining the rank of your website for a particular keyword search.
One technique that often works well is to create some smaller pages, generally just a paragraph long that emphasizes a particular keyword. By keeping the overall number of words to a minimum, you can increase the "weight" of the keyword you are emphasizing.
Keyword Proximity
It refers to the placement of keywords on a web page in relation to each other or, in some cases, in relation to other words with a similar meaning as the queried keyword.
For search engines, that grade a keyword match by keyword proximity, the connected phrase home loans will outrank a citation that mentions home mortgage loans assuming that you are searching only for the phrase "home loans".
Keyword Prominence
It is a measure of how early or high up on a page, the keywords are found. Having keywords in the first heading and in the first paragraph (first 20 words or so) on a page are best.
Keyword Placement
Where your keywords are placed on a page is very important. For example, in most engines, placing the keywords in the Title of the page, or in the Heading tags will give it more relevancy. On some engines, placing keywords in the link text, the part that is underlined on the screen in a browser, can add more relevancy to those words.
Best Places to Put Keywords
Finding Keywords
There are many different ways to find keywords for your website. Some good keyword ideas are:
The potential words, people would use to find your product or service.
The problems that your prospective customers may try to solve with your product or service.
Keyword tags on competitors websites.
Visible page copy on competitors websites.
Related search suggestions on top search engines.
Using an online tool such as Google Keyword Tool
By analyzing your website carefully and finding out proper keywords. This task can be done by expert SEO copywriters.
Pay attention to stemming for your keywords - particularly to what the root word is and what Google considers to be a match for that word, when optimizing pages over time.
You can do brainstorming to identify correct keywords for your site.
What is Word Stemming?
Google uses a feature called word stemming that allows all forms of the word - singular, plural, verb form as well as similar words to be returned for a given search query.
So if someone types in "house plans", not only the pages that are optimized for that phrase but the pages that contain all variations of that phrase are returned. For example, "house plan", "house planning", "house planner".
Hope you have some understanding on keywords and you also know how to identify them and where to use them. The next chapter explains how to optimize metatags for better results.
Title Optimization
An HTML TITLE tag is put inside the head tag. The page title (not to be confused with the heading for a page) is what is displayed in the title bar of your browser window, and is also what is displayed when you bookmark a page or add it to your browser Favorites.
This is the one place on a webpage where your keywords MUST be present. Correct use of keywords in the title of every page of your website is extremely important to Google - particularly for the homepage. If you do nothing else to optimize your site, remember to do this!
Here are some considerations while designing the title of a webpage:
The title shouldnt consist of more than about 9 words or 60 characters.
Use keywords at the very beginning of the title.
Do not include your company name in the title unless your company name is very well known.
Improper or nonexistent use of titles in webpages keeps more websites out of top rankings on Google than any other factor except perhaps for a lack of relevant content on a page or a lack of quality links from other websites that point to your site.
Best Practices for Creating Titles
Here are some best practices you should follow for creating titles on pages:
Each page should have a unique title.
If practical, try to include your Primary Keyword Phrase in every title of every page.
Begin the title of your home page with your Primary Keyword Phrase, followed by your best Secondary Keyword Phrases.
Use more specific variations to your Primary Keyword Phrase on your specific product, service, or content pages.
If you must include your company name, put it at the end of the title.
Use the best form, plural or singular, for your keywords based on what WordTracker says is searched on more often.
Do not overdo it - do not repeat your keywords more than 2 to 3 times in the title.
Make sure the "title" tag is the first element in the "head" section of your page - this makes it easier for Google to find the page.
Content is the King
Content basically includes what you see on the site: the text, graphics, and even links to other websites. You should not use excessive graphics because they are not Search Engine Friendly plus heavy graphics normally put the users out when they get downloaded, especially over a slow network.
Thousands of articles, books, and forum entries are available on how to make your website search engine friendly, but ultimately, one rule stands above the rest: Unique, high-quality, unduplicated content is the king.
Superior the quality of your content, the higher the ranking you achieve, larger the traffic you gain and greater the popularity of your website. Search engines prefer good quality sites in their index and search results.
Relevant, fresh, and timely content is crucial in attracting visitors to your website. It helps you both draw traffic from search engines and create audience loyalty.
Unique, High-Quality Content
When people visit a website for information, they want your unique spin on a topic. How is your material or content unique? Is that uniqueness obvious, and easy to find and to understand? Visitors want unique, high-quality site content. It is not only your home page content, but also all the linked pages should have useful and easy-to-understand content.
Now-a-days, search engines have become very smart and they are able to understand complete grammar and complete phrase. Hence while ranking a page against other, the content available on a page matters.
Sites with duplicated, syndicated, or free content are get given red flags by the search engines.
SEO Content Writing (Copy Writing)
SEO Content Writing (also referred as SEO Copy writing), involves the process of integrating keywords and informative phrases which make up the actual content of your website.
While writing your webpage content, the following tips may help you in keeping it better than others.
The content should be directed for the specified target audience.
Keyword density is strictly adhered as per search engine guidelines.
Titles should always be eye-catching, compelling your visitors to read on and want to know what you offer in your website.
Do not use confusing, ambiguous, and complex language. Use small statements to make your content more understandable.
Keep your web pages short.
Organize and distribute the content on the webpages.
Divide your web page content also into short paragraphs.
Other Advantages of Having Great Content
It is not only SEO you need to think about. Many factors contribute to make your site popular.
If your site is having something really unique, then people like to suggest it to their friends.
Other webmasters like to create a link of your site on their sites.
Your site visitors start trusting on your site and they look forward for the next content update and keep coming again and again.
Although you are listed out by search engine, a but net surfer will click only that page whose content snippet looks more unique and interesting.
Conclusion
Creating, editing, and promoting unique high-quality content is difficult and time consuming. But in the end, the golden rule of SEO is that Content is the King. It is not because of a search engine, but it is for your site visitors. A page that is read by people is better than a page that is read by bots.
So, write your content after a serious thought. Keep your title, keywords, link text, metatags up-to-date, unique, and interesting.
Hiring an Expert
Creating, editing, and promoting unique high-quality content is difficult and time consuming. If you are really serious about SEO and you are not getting expected result, then it would be better to hire an SEO expert.
zSEO experts perform the are following tasks:
Code validation and clean up - Ensure that the code is search engine friendly and standards compliant.
Site Structure - Building a semantic structure/theme and ensure URLs are spider friendly.
On-Page optimization - Page Title, copy writing, Call-to-action, etc.
Quality link building - Securing one way links from relevant sites.
Keyword research - Building a list of key phrases relevant to your business.
Creating Quality Content - Building optimized pages around terms discovered through keyword research.
Off-Page Optimization - Managing Blogs, Press Releases, Article Submissions.
If you are confident that you have the required skills, then you can take care of all the above activities; otherwise it is worth taking help from SEO Companies or to hire any SEO specialist.
Choosing an SEO Expert or Company
It is very difficult to choose a correct SEO expert or SEO company. However the following guidelines can help you in this activity:
Start searching through your friends and business partners.
Post your queries in SEO Forums to get feedback from the community.
Check other sites rank which they already have optimized.
Do not go for SEO companies doing automated submission.
Do not go for SEO companies doing Black Hat tricks.
Do not look for cheap SEO. But take care, high price also does not guarantee high quality.
Take guarantee if possible for a particular rank and any particular search engine.
User SEO Expert or Company name in Google to find more information about them.
Do not go just because of their fancy site and availability of good articles on their site.
Do not get fascinated by the testimonials available on their sites.
We can not list out all the factors here because there may be different situations and different views. You should be smart enough to think whats bad and whats good.
Miscellaneous Techniques
There are various other tips related to SEO. We have not categorized them into any special category and hence, putting these in miscellaneous category. Go through these tips one by one.
To-Dont List
Dont keep hidden text on your webpages.
Dont create alternate image spamming by putting wrong keywords.
Dont use meta tags stuffing.
Dont use frames and flash on your site.
Dont exchange your links with black listed sites.
Dont try to fool your site visitors by using misspelled keyword.
Dont send spam emails to thousands of email IDs.
Dont use too much graphics on your site.
Dont create too many doorway pages.
Dont try to create duplicate content of pages.
Dont submit your website many times in a single search engine.
Dont use sub-directory depth more than 1-2.
Dont create too many dynamic pages. Try to convert them into static pages.
Dont bloat your pages with code.
Dont nest your pages.
To-Do List
There are various other tips which can help you to optimize your website for many search engines.
Create logs of pages and each page should however contain a minimum of about 200 visible words of text to maximize relevance with Google.
Create a Sitemap, Help, FAQ, About Us, Link to Us, Copyright, Disclaimer, Privacy Policy pages on mandatory basis.
Create a homepage link to each and every webpage and provide easy navigation through all the pages.
Pay attention to your dynamic page URLs. Google can crawl and index dynamic pages as long as you dont have more than 2 parameters in the URL.
Check your complete site for broken links. Broken links will reduce your other pages rank as well.
SEO Techniques Summary
We have covered almost all major concepts related to Search Engine Optimization. Now you are familiar with most frequently used SEO related terminologies as well.
You have learnt how to optimize keywords, title, alt, metatags, anchor, and other text from the viewpoint of SEO. You also have learnt the importance of having good content in your website. In the Miscellaneous Techniques chapter, we have suggested you other important points which will help you optimize your website.
In a nutshell, we can have the following points as the ethical strategies for achieving optimal ranking in the search engines:
All pages must conform to W3C standards.
Keyword density is never abusive.
Always include: robots.txt, sitemap.xml, and urllist.txt.
Keywords are prominent in the Title, Metatags, and Headings.
ALT tags and Title tags are not forgotten.
Nomenclature is fundamental to being indexed.
Dont forget to comment below.
5 best Password managers solution to forgot and hacking of passwords
Youve got enough to keep track of in your day-to-day life without filling your head with the countless logins and passwords youve racked up over the years, and the Post-It note on your monitor just isnt an option. Luckily, there are several fantastic and secure password management applications designed to make it easy for you to remember, manage, and secure your passwords effortlessly. and now were back with the five most popular picks. Keep reading for a detailed look at each application, then cast your vote to help us pick the best password manager on the block.
Sxipper (All platforms)
Firefox extension Sxipper adds password management, auto-logins, and automatic form filling to Firefox. If you dont want to manually create multiple identities to fill in forms, Sxipper may be perfect for you. It can automatically learn and build personas for you based on information youve used to fill in forms. Sxipper builds on top of Firefoxs default password manager, meaning all of your passwords remain safely encrypted and stored on your computer.
KeePass (All platforms)
Desktop application KeePass is a free, open-source password manager with a robust and easy-to-use feature set. KeePass secures your passwords with a single master password and/or a key-file on your computer. KeePass is a Windows application, but an OS X- and Linux-compatible version�called KeePassX�is available with slightly less polish than the Windows counterpart. For those of you whod like to take your passwords with you, KeePass is available as a portable application and as PocketPC, Symbian, BlackBerry, and PalmOS ports. KeePass doesnt come with built-in browser integration, but you can invoke a global, auto-login keyboard shortcut (Ctrl+Alt+A by default) when KeePass is running in your system tray.
1Password (Mac OS X)
Mac app 1Password is a commercial password manager and form filler for Mac OS X. Like RoboForm for Windows, 1Password integrates directly with your browser (Firefox or Safari) to auto-fill logins and forms. Like most of the rest, 1Password can automatically generate secure passwords for you, and all you need to remember is your master password.Currently 1Password supports syncing with .Mac accounts, but my1Password is under development to provide synchronization as well as online access to your passwords from any browser. 1Password will set you back $35, Mac OS X only.
RoboForm (Windows)
Desktop application and browser toolbar RoboForm is a popular password and form management utility for Windows only. In addition to password management, RoboForm lets you create identities to automatically fill in web forms. RoboForm is available in both freeware and shareware ($30) versions; the free version is very limited, though, so chances are youll want to pony up for a license if you take this route. A portable version, called RoboForm2Go, is also available for $20. Like KeePass, RoboForm is available to carry on your Windows Mobile, Symbian, or Palm devices. Unlike KeePass, RoboForm sports a robust browser plug-in for seamless integration with Firefox and Internet Explorer.
Firefoxs Password Manager (All platforms)
When it comes to password management, many of you look no further than Firefoxs built-in password manager. Its free, its there when you need it, and its a no-brainer to integrate into your workflow. One word of caution, though: If youre going to stick with Firefoxs password manager, be sure to secure your saved passwords with a master password. If you dont, all it takes for someone to peek at every single one of your passwords is clicking the Show Passwords button in the Saved Passwords dialog.
A BUSINESS MAN
Even tho SWGP literally killed himself when he decided to turn out his website into hackers lair I believed that one day he might try to make a comeback. My belief was based on the fact that he never actually admitted that used cheats or spambots to ruin the game for other players. Its true, he was the one that we pointed our fingers at, but he never admitted it. Not until today.
If there was a slightest chance that SWGP could make a comeback before this day it is just too bad for him that he wasnt aware of it. Well, if he believed that there was such chance for him I am sure that he wouldnt do what he did.
He just placed a text message on his KeKo bot, saying that he is selling website, cheats and spammbots. All for 70 euros. Check it out.
 |
| A BUSINESS MAN |
A fucking business man! Buys and sells goods in the ancient game of Warcraft 3. He could have made a comeback with a story: "That wasnt me, cmon! I sold that account long before that website was open and those channels were spammed. Believe me, I am the real SWGP."
Well at least he knows the market. Few months ago he was trying to sell the website only for 140 euros but now when he realized that it is just too much for a useless crappy website like www.bewc3.com (free php template, free php modules that everyone who gets few days to waste is able to make) he made an exceptional offer for hackers, trolls and wannabes.
Now that exceptional offer includes shitty website, maphack and spambot. Looks like those TV shop offers where they just cant sell some shitty product so they put in the package with some other shitty stuff only to make you buy it. Like selling chair but if you buy chair you get a pair of shoes, womans bra, toothbrush and a pair of socks.
Lets see who bites it.
A Little Bit of Genius at PAX
There were things I saw at Penny Arcade Expothat I wanted to go on about. Something besides Microsoft trying to push us into our exciting Windows 8/Internet Explorer 9 future by providing the world middling adaptions of ancient Atari games for some reason.
There was one game at the Indie Megabooth that deserves special attention from all humans. Not only was it funny, but it has perhaps the best elevator pitch in the history of the human race:
OK. Youre a guy living in the suburbs. You have a wife, two kids, and a secret: Youre actually an octopus in disguise.
Obvious jokes aside, how can you not want to try that game? Especially when you know its called Octodad: The Dadliest Catch.
Octodad!
This game is the purest epitome of the Indie spirit. (Hows that for a pull quote?) Its unique, intriguing, utterly bananas, and no major publisher will ever do anything like it.
Sadly, the gameplay is focused on maneuvering the octopus, which means struggling to do normally simple tasks with an odd control scheme. I am a little skeptical about how much this particular style of gameplay can catch on. On the bright side, if its priced cheaply enough, it can make a ton of sales based on the "Oh God. I have to try this out." factor.
My unsolicited advice for the developers: If the game turns out to not be that fun, sell it for five bucks. Youll move a lot of copies based on morbid curiosity alone.
Edit: Oh, yeah. You can support Octodad at Steam Greenlight here. I voted for it. KEEP INDIE GAMES WEIRD!
6 Best Multiplayer Android Games you can play with your Friends
Here you find some mind blowing Android Multiplayer games that change your mind , feel free while playing this games.You interact with your friends through the facebook,the iPhone and from other platform where the game exists.This games are specialy designed for the Android Devices.The cross platform capability interect you game with your friends on the android device.
Pocket legends is a groundbreaking 3D Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing game.It i s offically designed for Android users.It is vast online game that will join you with millions of players around the world on wild adventures in creepy dungeouns,rigid mountain.
Pocket Legends is free to play game where players may progress through the majority of content and acheive the power level at no cost.Purchasing in game "Platinum" offers you the ability to generally save time on your progress or own unique items or equipment.
Dungeon Defenders:Join the Battle .Dungeon Defenders is a online Action-Role Playing Game meets Tower Defense.It is free to play game including Competitive Player-Verus -Payer mode available in Android Market.
New added content for Tegra 2 Powered Devices.The deluxe HD content includes new Tegra-exclusive missions, enemies, bosses, pets, and weapons --- for the ultimate mobile Dungeon Defenders experience!
Reckless Racing is the most impessive Dirt Road racer multiplayer game.It is intensive game speciall recommended for Android devices.This game all about escaping the police in Style.Speed down in the highway,cross the zig-zag your way against oncoming traffic, wreck pursuing police cars and earn points.
Words With Friends is the widely popular iOS game liked by everyones,millions of players are adddicted of this game.This is a multiplayer game. so you can connect with friends through facebook,the iPhone and from evry other platform the game exists.Now discuss some features:
1.Simple and familiar crossword gameplay you know and love.
2.Turn-based design lets you play up to 20 games simultaneously
3.Play with your friends or match-make instantly with a random opponent
4.Notifications tell you when it�s your turn.
Guerrila Bob is an awesome multiplayer shooter style game released in the Android Market.It offers you strikly attractive visuals,Multiplayer cross platform, an arsenal of kick ass weaponry,Unique enemies,explosive ammunition and non stop humor.You can select the features of multiplayer using your local Wi-Fi.
Bob can collect money from the enemies and use it in the shop to unlock a huge variety of weapons, each with their own upgrades:
- Machine gun
-Timed Bombs
- Molotov Cocktail
- Shotgun
-Rocket Launcher
- Grenade Launcher
- Sticky Bow
- Chain Gun
- Double Uzis
- Flamethrower
Modern Combat 2 Just finished what you started.Modern Combat 2 play this game to complete the mission enveiled in the first opus of one of the most acclaimed FPS games on Android.You need not apply for a World of Warcraft subscription or own a PC to get your game on. This is available for :
HTC 001HT Desire HD
HTC Desire HD (Ace)
HTC Desire S
HTC Desire Z (G2, Vision)
HTC Evo 4G
HTC Incredible S
HTC Inspire 4G
HTC Thunderbolt 4G
LG P990 Optimus 2X (Star)
LG P999 (Star, G2x)
Motorola A955 (Droid 2)
Motorola A956 Droid II World Edition
Motorola Atrix 4G (MB860)
Motorola Cliq 2
Motorola Defy
Motorola Milestone 2
NEC N-04C
Samsung Google Nexus S and for more devices.
Pocket legends is a groundbreaking 3D Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing game.It i s offically designed for Android users.It is vast online game that will join you with millions of players around the world on wild adventures in creepy dungeouns,rigid mountain.
Pocket Legends is free to play game where players may progress through the majority of content and acheive the power level at no cost.Purchasing in game "Platinum" offers you the ability to generally save time on your progress or own unique items or equipment.
Dungeon Defenders:Join the Battle .Dungeon Defenders is a online Action-Role Playing Game meets Tower Defense.It is free to play game including Competitive Player-Verus -Payer mode available in Android Market.
New added content for Tegra 2 Powered Devices.The deluxe HD content includes new Tegra-exclusive missions, enemies, bosses, pets, and weapons --- for the ultimate mobile Dungeon Defenders experience!
Reckless Racing is the most impessive Dirt Road racer multiplayer game.It is intensive game speciall recommended for Android devices.This game all about escaping the police in Style.Speed down in the highway,cross the zig-zag your way against oncoming traffic, wreck pursuing police cars and earn points.
Words With Friends is the widely popular iOS game liked by everyones,millions of players are adddicted of this game.This is a multiplayer game. so you can connect with friends through facebook,the iPhone and from evry other platform the game exists.Now discuss some features:
1.Simple and familiar crossword gameplay you know and love.
2.Turn-based design lets you play up to 20 games simultaneously
3.Play with your friends or match-make instantly with a random opponent
4.Notifications tell you when it�s your turn.
Guerrila Bob is an awesome multiplayer shooter style game released in the Android Market.It offers you strikly attractive visuals,Multiplayer cross platform, an arsenal of kick ass weaponry,Unique enemies,explosive ammunition and non stop humor.You can select the features of multiplayer using your local Wi-Fi.
Bob can collect money from the enemies and use it in the shop to unlock a huge variety of weapons, each with their own upgrades:
- Machine gun
-Timed Bombs
- Molotov Cocktail
- Shotgun
-Rocket Launcher
- Grenade Launcher
- Sticky Bow
- Chain Gun
- Double Uzis
- Flamethrower
Modern Combat 2 Just finished what you started.Modern Combat 2 play this game to complete the mission enveiled in the first opus of one of the most acclaimed FPS games on Android.You need not apply for a World of Warcraft subscription or own a PC to get your game on. This is available for :
HTC 001HT Desire HD
HTC Desire HD (Ace)
HTC Desire S
HTC Desire Z (G2, Vision)
HTC Evo 4G
HTC Incredible S
HTC Inspire 4G
HTC Thunderbolt 4G
LG P990 Optimus 2X (Star)
LG P999 (Star, G2x)
Motorola A955 (Droid 2)
Motorola A956 Droid II World Edition
Motorola Atrix 4G (MB860)
Motorola Cliq 2
Motorola Defy
Motorola Milestone 2
NEC N-04C
Samsung Google Nexus S and for more devices.
5 Pthread Mutex in Linux
Mutex is used to synchronize the thread.
What would be the final value of globalCount in below program?
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <pthread.h>
void *add1_fun(void* arg);
void *add2_fun(void* arg);
int globalCount = 0;
void *add1_fun(void* arg) //thread handler
{
int t_num = (int)arg;
int i = 0;
printf("Thread %d created and running ", t_num);
for (i=0; i<50000; i++){
globalCount++;
}
printf("Thread %d finishes the work ", t_num);
pthread_exit(NULL);
}
void *add2_fun(void* arg) //thread handler
{
int t_num = (int)arg;
int i = 0;
printf("Thread %d created and running ", t_num);
for (i=0; i<50000; i++){
globalCount++;
}
printf("Thread %d finishes the work ", t_num);
pthread_exit(NULL);
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
pthread_t mythread1;
pthread_t mythread2;
pthread_attr_t myattr;
void *joinResult;
int x = 0;
int t_arg = 1;
pthread_attr_init(&myattr);
pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&myattr, PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE);
if((pthread_create(&mythread1, &myattr, add1_fun, (void*)t_arg) != 0)){
printf("Error, thread not created properly ");
return 1;
}
t_arg = 2;
if((pthread_create(&mythread2, &myattr, add2_fun, (void*)t_arg) != 0)){
printf("Error, thread not created properly ");
return 1;
}
pthread_attr_destroy(&myattr);
if(pthread_join(mythread1, &joinResult) != 0 ){
printf("Error pthread join ");
return 1;
}
printf("Main : Thread1 joined with result of %d ", (int)joinResult);
if(pthread_join(mythread2, &joinResult) != 0 ){
printf("Error pthread join ");
return 1;
}
printf("Main : Thread2 joined with result of %d ", (int)joinResult);
printf("main finishes the work ");
printf(" Count at end : %d ", globalCount);
pthread_exit(NULL);
}
Thread 1 will increment globalCount for 50000 times and Thread 2 as well. So final value of globalCount would be 100000. But actual output is not 100000.
Each time you execute the program you will get different value.
Because two thread execute concurrently. Consider the situation in which globalCount = 10, suppose in same time each thread increment the globalCount so value will be 11 not 12.
Actual output of above program in my PC is
Thread 1 created and running
Thread 2 created and running
Thread 1 finishes the work
Thread 2 finishes the work
Main : Thread1 joined with result of 0
Main : Thread2 joined with result of 0
main finishes the work
Count at end : 60286
Solution for above problem :
When one thread trying to increment the globalCount we need to lock the variable, then after increment unlock the variable.
This can be establish with the help of mutex API which available in pthread library.;
Steps need for mutex lock and unlock:
- create a mutex variable of type pthread_mutex_t
- lock the globalCount with the help of pthread_mutex_lock API
- unlock the globalCount when finishes the work with the help of pthread_mutex_unlock
PROGRAM :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <pthread.h>
void